Exploring the Most Common Types of HPV

HPV, also known as human papillomavirus, is a common sexually transmitted infection. Human papillomavirus infection is difficult to detect as it often shows no symptoms. HPV is a major cause of cervical cancer and can also lead to other cancers, including cancers of the anus and genital areas. It is important to be aware of HPV infections and cancers caused by the virus. In this blog, we will understand human papillomavirus infection and explore the most common types of HPV.

What is HPV?

According to WHO, 99% of cervical cancer cases are linked to HPV, the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract. Human papillomavirus infection is harmless in most cases and clears up on its own, but some types of HPV can persist and cause cancers such as cervical, anal, and other genital cancers.

High-Risk vs. Low-Risk HPV Types

There are over 200 variations of HPV, which are classified into two categories: high-risk and low-risk.

High-Risk HPV Types

There are several high-risk HPV types. Two of these, HPV 16 and HPV 18, are responsible for certain HPV-related cancers. Unlike low-risk types, high-risk HPV can cause a variety of cancers, including cervical, anal, vulvar, and vaginal cancer. Regular screenings, including Pap smears and HPV tests, are critical for early detection and prevention. Vaccination can help protect against certain HPV-related cancers and diseases.

Low-Risk HPV Types

Low-risk HPV types include types 6 and 11. These HPV types can cause genital warts. Papilloma is another name for a wart when it appears on the skin.

Most Common High-Risk HPV Types

HPV Types 16 and 18

HPV 16 and HPV 18 are two human papillomavirus infection types that are considered high-risk and are strongly linked to cervical cancer. HPV is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections and generally spreads through intimate skin-to-skin contact. If the viral infection caused by HPV types 16 and 18 persists, it can become cancerous.

Cancer Linked to HPV Types 16 and 18

Human papillomavirus infection types 16 and 18 are high-risk strains of the virus. Cervical cancer is manageable when detected in its early stages. However, if the body's immune system cannot clear the infection, it can cause changes in cervical cells that may become cancerous. HPV infection can also cause vaginal, vulvar, and anal cancers.

Most Common Low-Risk HPV Types

HPV Types 6 and 11

Human papillomavirus infection types 6 and 11 are the primary causes of genital warts. They can be easily transmitted through skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. Genital warts are not dangerous but can be uncomfortable and irritating.

Symptoms of Low-Risk HPV Types

Genital warts are commonly caused by low-risk HPV types. Symptoms may include bleeding during intercourse, a burning sensation, itching, and discomfort around sensitive areas.

Prevention of Low-Risk HPV Types

One preventive measure is HPV vaccination, which offers protection against certain HPV-related cancers and diseases, including genital warts, especially when administered before the onset of sexual activity.

Another preventive measure is practising safe sex, such as using condoms and dental dams during sexual activities. While consistent condom use can reduce the risk of HPV transmission, it does not provide complete protection because HPV can infect areas not covered by a condom.

Other Cancers Caused by High-Risk HPV Types

There are various cancers associated with human papillomavirus infection, including:

• Anal cancer: Symptoms may include bleeding, pain, itching, discharge, and changes in bowel habits. A lump near the anus or rectum may also be present.
• Vulvar cancer: Symptoms may include changes in the colour or thickness of the vulvar skin, persistent itching, pain, or the presence of a lump. It can affect the vulva, labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris.

Prevention of High-Risk HPV Types

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in India aged 15–44 years. Regular screenings, such as Pap smears, can help detect abnormalities early. The CDC recommends HPV vaccination for eligible females between 9 and 45 years of age after consulting a healthcare professional. HPV vaccination can help protect against certain HPV-related cancers and diseases. Additionally, practising safe sex through the use of condoms and dental dams can help reduce the risk of HPV infection.

Asymptomatic HPV Symptoms

HPV infection often has no visible symptoms, making it difficult for individuals to know they are infected. It can take 5–10 years for HPV-infected cells to develop into precancerous lesions and approximately 20 years to develop into cancer. Regular check-ups, screenings, and discussions with a gynecologist about vaccination and preventive measures are recommended.

Understanding Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is critical for maintaining sexual health and preventing certain HPV-related cancers and diseases. Vaccination and regular screenings are among the most effective preventive measures for lowering the risk of HPV-related diseases.

Disclaimer: HPV stands for Human Papillomavirus. This information is intended for awareness purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult your doctor.

FAQs

What is the most common way to get HPV?

The most common way to get HPV is through sexual skin-to-skin contact with an infected person.

In what age is HPV most common?

HPV infection is most common among sexually active individuals.